A Comprehensive Comparison of Japanese Essay Example for Free

A Comprehensive Comparison of Japanese Essay The two East Asian countries, Japan and China share some cultural similarities. This is a result of belonging to the same area and sharing a religion, Buddhism. In Japan, the earliest complex art has emerged in the 7th and 8th centuries. This early form of art displays a style which has been distinctively influenced by Buddhism. Buddhism has played a major role in sharing Chinese art techniques to Japanese artists because teaching has been made through the medium of Buddhist monasteries. (The Columbia Encyclopedia) Japanese art has started finding its own identity around the 9th century, as it departs from Chinese influence and from other foreign contributions that have been assimilated into Japanese pieces. (Asia Art Net) Chinese art has a longer history, dating back to 4000 B. C. and continuously developing for the next six thousand years. China has also influenced Japanese art indirectly through Koreans studying in China, or monks and traders, as early as the first century. Japanese art is considered by some as a weaker imitation of Chinese art. These art critics believe that Japanese pieces differ from their Chinese counterparts by quality alone. Some point out that this imitation is prevalent during periods when the Japanese artists merely copy or are influenced by Chinese art. However, the influences are later combined with aspects that are originally Japanese, that Japanese pieces have stopped being reflections of Chinese artistry. (Lee) â€Å"But other works show the most original contributions of the island culture. In these we see the small differences magnified to such an extent that they become fully developed and original styles. † (Lee) Paintings Far Eastern paintings make use of very fluid colors blended in absorbent material. Far Eastern painters choose materials like paper and silk, hence there is a need for painters to practice discipline, because a smudge on the painting will result to the ruin of the whole piece. (Mather Jr. ) This is true to both Japanese and Chinese paintings. They are also influenced by Western paintings, though Europeans tend to convey â€Å"memories of things,† while Far Eastern paintings, like those of the Chinese, project â€Å"memories of feelings. † Painting is the Japanese’s favorite art form. (Asia Art Net) This is mainly because Japanese artists have already developed dexterity for art brushes, which they use for writing calligraphy. Yamato- e is a type of Japanese painting which is popularized during the 12th and 13th centuries. Its style is derived from the Late Heian period, and it conveys secular, rather than religious themes. It makes use of vivid colors. (Encyclopedia Britannica) Another name for Yamato-e is Japanese secular painting. Japanese painters make use of many styles and techniques, and the paintings have both indigenous and foreign influences. (ZEELEARN) Japanese paintings are expressive of inner feelings, rather than of what the eyes can see, which is its difference to Western paintings and its similarity to Chinese composition as is mentioned earlier. However, in the 18th century, Chinese paintings have become more realistic, and â€Å"carrying genre painting into all walks of life. † Despite this, the Japanese paintings of the same style are considered better at this because of its better portrayal of racial quality. (Mather Jr. ) Chinese paintings are mostly religious in theme, especially right after the introduction of Buddhism to China from India during the first century. Later, during the Song dynasty (960-1127), secular subjects, such as historical figures and more mundane themes, are introduced into Chinese paintings. Landscape painting has become popular during the fourth century. There are two styles used by landscape painters. These two are the blue-and-green landscapes† and â€Å"ink-and-wash landscape†. The first one makes use of intense shades of blue, green and red pigments obtained from minerals. The latter depends on the intensity of ink and conveys the artist’s emotions at each stroke. (Asia Art Net) Chinese painting styles include flower-and-bird painting which is basically a genre of painting in the Song dynasty which makes use of birds and flowers as the subject matter. Chinese Peasant paintings are also very important to Chinese art because peasants make up a majority of the Chinese population. Peasant paintings are depictions of simpler living, albeit at times projecting a juxtaposition of truthfulness and surrealism. Despite the big population of Chinese peasants, Japanese paintings have a broader range of themes expanding beyond the bounds of aristocracy. (Mather Jr. ) â€Å"East Asian paintings may be broadly classified into the genres of flower-and-bird paintings (kachoga), landscape paintings (sansuiga), and paintings of people (jimbutsuga) The first of these genres, kachoga, reflects peoples feelings of closeness to nature and gives devoted attention to the life and beauty to be found in the natural world. In China, landscape paintings were traditionally done, in most cases, in shades of black ink, but in Japan, where four distinct seasons with their own typical colors are omnipresent, a proportionately larger number of outstanding landscape paintings have been done in color. (The Virtual Museum of Japanese Arts)†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Architecture When the word â€Å"architecture† is mentioned in relation to Japan and China, the first thing that comes to mind is religious architecture. When Buddhism is introduced to Japan in the 6th century from China, China’s more developed religious architecture is also introduced. Even during the 8th century, the Japanese continue to emulate the design of Chinese architects. â€Å"The gigantic monastery of Todai-ji was begun in 745. A great hall was built to house the gigantic statue of Buddha (daibutsu), in front of which stood twin pagodas, each seven stories high†. (The Columbia Encyclopedia) In the late Heian period (898–1185), Japanese architects display their own style: â€Å"The famous Phoenix Hall at Uji, near Kyoto, originally a noblemans villa, was converted (c. 1050) into a temple. It represents the apogee of Japanese design. Beautifully situated near a lotus lake, it has a new sense of airiness, with its open porch and lofty central roof†. (The Columbia Encyclopedia) In the 13th century, the Japanese has returned to the implementation of Chinese architecture. Japanese temples follow the Chinese architects’ use of simplicity and symmetry. The plan of the Japanese temple adhered to the symmetrical simplicity of Chinese design. â€Å"The hall of worship contained a spacious chancel with a flat ceiling, usually painted with the Zen theme of dragons in clouds. By the mid-14th century, Buddhist architecture tended toward eclecticism and an emphasis on rich sculptural adornment†. (The Columbia Encyclopedia)

Essay examples --

The word â€Å"challenging behavior† can evoke feelings of frustration, anger, hostility or sense of helplessness in any parent, teacher or caregiver of a young child with behavioral challenges. Education.com (2006 - 2012) defines this term: as behavior that may impede with a child’s ability to learn, develop or play in a manner that is socially acceptable. They further define challenging behavior as behavior that could be potentially harmful to the child or others. This type of behavior in a young child, predisposes that child to social problems and academic failure (Klass, Guskin, and Thomas, 1995; Ritchie and Pohl, 1995). Marion (2011) defines challenging behavior as a stimulus that a child reacts poorly to, that in turn challenges the child’s parents or teachers to guide them in a positive manner. Current research indicates that children who have significant challenging behavior will have problems in school. They have issues with social skills, emotiona l control and language development. These insufficiencies contribute to the lack of skills to succeed in basic academic tasks such as reading (Coi, 1996). Traits that are often attributed to children who exhibit these traits are hyperactivity, inattentiveness and disruptive. Teachers are twice as likely to overlook them, ask them fewer questions and be low in positive responsiveness (Webster-Stratton & Herbert, 1994; Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000). Children with behavioral challenges face far greater difficulties with social and emotional development. Other children will tease and ridicule them, or reject them entirely. These experiences bruise a child’s self-esteem and confidence, they are left feeling depressed and isolated. Once a child accepts rejection, they fight or ... ...s, to difficulties in conflict resolution to academic success. Parents play a pivotal role in teaching their young children how to appropriately behave or react to a certain stimuli. Positive adult-child interactions such as respect, providing an environment that is not rushed, using calm tones and accepting differences go a long way in changing or guiding a child’s behavior (Marion, 2011). For some children how to react to a certain situation in a positive manner is innate. However, other children need to be taught the skills to productively and successfully navigate conflicts that might arise. This can be achieved through a Direct Model Plan, a PBIS or a Behavior Matrix (Carter & Pool, 2012) The goal of challenging behaviors is to prevent those behaviors from rising, by providing children with the skills to navigate successfully through difficult situations.

Zombie

The Cranberries provides the right qualities for the 60 minutes segment on investigation of the power of public protest. The combination of a strong message, powerful lyrics and visually dramatic video clip creates a public protest masterpiece. The AIR ceasefire of 1994 can be attributed to the success of public protest mounted by The Cranberries in their song Zombie'. Over thousands of years, music has been a part of human culture and been used to convey different messages.Music has the power to Inspire, unify and galvanism people into action. It can be used as a form of public protest to raise awareness of the issue to the general public and create a worldwide movement for a solution. This is demonstrated in the song Zombies' by the band The Cranberries, creating a public protest song about the reciprocal acts of violence between the AIR and the British Army. ‘Zombie' is centrally about Irish society normalizing war and young children losing their Innocence due to the Intense violence.In Ireland, violence was accepted as normal and a part of everyday life, this caused young children to become asininities about violence and its usage in ‘normal' life. Irish children lived a generational perpetuated war, for decades. The Irish Republican Army or AIR committed reciprocally motivated acts of terrorism directed against the British control of Northern Ireland. Zombie' makes the point that the boundaries between war and normal life are confused and ambiguous. This blurring created the atmosphere for accepting and excusing the war.The song ‘Zombies' uses very strong and powerful lyrics to describe the situation of violence in Ireland. With their tanks ND their bombs, and their bombs and their guns' refers to the environment which the Irish people lived in and the lead singer strongly stresses key words like tanks', ‘bombs' and ‘guns'. The message of ‘nothing has changed' is common throughout the song's lyrics, ‘It's the same old theme since 1916' which is a direct historical reference to the 1916 Easter Rising of the RIB (later known as the AIR) and explains the length of time the violence has been effecting Irish society.The lyrics show how the Irish people distance themselves from the violence by saying ‘but you see, it's not me, it's tot my family, they are implicitly denying the conflict and violence. The Juxtaposition and cross cutting between black and white shots of children playing and soldiers creates ambiguity between play and war. The strength of the message to the audience is enhanced by the pace at which the shots are screened in synchronization with the tempo of the music and lyrics. The gold symbolism Is visually dramatic which creates a paradox by contrast to the other bleak Images.Dramatic images are created with Dolores Ordinary against the cross, which is a preference to the 1 916 Easter Rising of the RIB. The singer is completely encrusted in gold and surrounded by golden nymph like figures which invites multiple references to Greek Mythology. The gold represents Justice, power, strength, purity and value. These visual messages add complexity and remove the viewer from the immediate clip and instant recognition by the public, therefore it would be an excellent choice for the 60 minutes special on the power of public protest. The Cranberries hit song ‘Zombies' has become an anthem for the worldwide peace movement.

Handbook Of Leadership And Administration For Special...

Critical Annotation Crockett, J. B., Billingsley, B. S., Boscardin, M. L. (2012). Handbook of Leadership and Administration for Special Education. New York, NY: Routledge. Text Purpose The authors have organized this handbook into five sections that address critical issues in special education leadership. The first section focuses on general topics related to leadership for learning. These areas include the importance of raising the performance of all students in an era of accountability, historical and conceptual issues in leading and administrating special education, professional leadership standards, and the development of educational leaders. Crockett, Billingsley, and Boscardin (2012) assert that these are the foundation for†¦show more content†¦She teaches in both the teacher preparation and doctoral programs at Virginia Tech. Billingsley has authored numerous articles on teacher retention, commitment, and the support of new teachers. Mary Lynn Boscardin received her Ph.D. in Special Education Administration from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1984. Since joining the University of Massachusetts faculty in 1985, she has directed the Special Education Administration Program and is currently Coordinator of the Special Education Program. Summary of Major Points Special Education leaders are responsible for ensuring that (1) every student with a disability receives the appropriate services and supports from qualified teachers, (2) staff develops the knowledge and skills to implement best instructional practices, (3) school leaders hold strong expectations for using these practices in schools to close the achievement gap and ensure academic learning and social growth of students with an extraordinary wide-range of needs (Crockett et al., 2012). However, Garrison-Wade, Sobel, Fulmer’s work (as cited by Crockett et al., 2012) asserts that special education leaders are often unprepared for the role that awaits them. Contributing to this situation, per Crockett et al. (2012), is that states have different competency requirements and many have selected to eliminate any criteria, electing to fill these positions with candidates without training inShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Bill Gates As A Managerial Leader112 0 Words   |  5 PagesEffectiveness of Bill Gates as a managerial leader Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid is a behavioural leadership grid that is based on four elements, namely, leadership style, motivation, concern for people and concern for production. It resulted in five managerial styles on the basis of the priority the leader placed on the people and product (Koc et al, 2013). They are Team Leader, Country Club, Middle of the Road, Produce or Perish and Impoverished (Ledlow and Coppola, 2011). 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5 Tips to Improve Your Russian Pronunciation

Compared to English, Russian pronunciation is very easy because it follows simple rules. Most of the time, Russian words are pronounced the way they are spelled. Any exceptions are easy to memorize, as they are governed by strict but straightforward rules. Russian consonants can be pronounced either as soft or hard, creating extra sounds. There are 21 consonants altogether, with one of them, the letter Й, sometimes considered  a semi-vowel. There are also 10 vowels and two remaining letters which do not have sounds but are instead used to make a consonant hard or soft: Ð ¬ (pronounced MYAKHky ZNAK—the soft sign) and Ð ª (pronounced TVYORdy ZNAK—the hard sign). Follow these tips to improve your Russian pronunciation. Russian Alphabet Pronunciation There are more sounds than letters in Russian: 42 main sounds and only 33 letters. This means that  some Russian letters can sound differently depending on their position and surrounding letters. Vowels The six main vowel sounds in Russian are written using 10 vowel letters. Sound Letter Sound in English Example Pronunciation Meaning ee LEEpah linden yy LYYzhy skis aah MAH-y May yah MYATCH a ball oh MOY my yoh YOLkah a fir / Christmas tree eh EHtah this yeh LYEtah summer ooh MOOhah a fly yuh YUHny young Consonants Russian consonants can be soft or hard. This quality is determined by the letter that follows a consonant. Soft-indicating vowels are Ð ¯, Ð , Ð ®, Е, И. The soft sign Ð ¬ also softens the consonant that immediately precedes it. Main Rules of Pronunciation Once you have learned how the letters are pronounced in the Russian alphabet, it is time to learn the main rules of Russian pronunciation. Russian letters are pronounced in the same way as they are written unless they fall under one of the following exceptions: Vowel Reduction Russian vowels sound shorter and a little different when they are in an unstressed syllable. Some vowels merge into another sound, such as Ð  and О into an eh or uh, while others become weaker. The ways that unstressed vowels behave differ according to regional accent variations. Unstressed O and A are pronounced as AH  when they are positioned in a syllable immediately preceding the accented syllable, and as UH in all other syllables, for example: Ð ½Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ (desktop, adj.) is pronounced  nah-STOL-nyjÃ'…Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ ¾ (good, well) is pronounced huh-rah-SHOH, with both unstressed syllables significantly shorter than the stressed one. Unstressed E, Ð  and Ð ¯ can be pronounced in the same way as И, for example: Ð ´Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ ²Ã ¾ (tree) can be pronounced as both DYE-rye-vah and DYE-ri-vah Devoicing Some Russian consonants are voiced, while others are voiceless. Voiced consonants are those that use the vibration of the vocal chords, e.g. Б, Ð’, Г, Д, Ðâ€", Ðâ€", whereas voiceless consonants are those that don’t: П, Ð ¤, К, Ð ¢, Ð ¨, Ð ¡. Voiced consonants can sound voiceless if they are at the end of a word, for example: Ð  Ã ¾Ã ´ (Rot): type, clan They can also become voiceless when they are followed by a voiceless consonant, for example: ЛÐ ¾Ã ´Ã ºÃ ° (LOTka): boat Voiceless consonants can change and become voiced when they appear before a voiced consonant, for example: Ð ¤Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ð ±Ã ¾Ã » (fudBOL): soccer Palatization Palatalization happens when the middle part of our tongue touches the palate (roof of the mouth). This occurs when we pronounce soft consonants, that is, consonants that are followed by the soft-indicating vowels Ð ¯, Ð , Ð ®, Е, И or the soft sign Ð ¬, for example: КÐ °Ã'‚Ã'  (Katya) - Ð ¢ is palatized due to its position before a soft-indicating vowel Ð ¯ Accent Marks in Russian Learning the correct accent, or stress, in Russian words can be challenging because of the large number of rules and exceptions. The best way to learn where to place the accent is to memorize it from the start. The letter Ð  is always stressed but is rarely written as itself and is usually replaced with Е. Other letters can be stressed or unstressed. It is important to know where to place the accent in a word as many Russian words change meaning when the accent is placed on a different syllable, for example: ÐÅ"Ð £Ã ºÃ ° [MOOka] - sufferingÐ ¼Ã'Æ'КÐ  [mooKAH] - flour Most Difficult Russian Sounds There are some sounds in Russian that do not exist in English. Learning to pronounce them correctly will significantly improve your general pronunciation and ensure that you dont say something you dont mean. Many Russian words differ from each other by just one letter. Saying a word incorrectly may render the whole sentence difficult to understand, for example: Ð ±Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å' (to be) becomes Ð ±Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' (to beat) when the speaker doesnt say Ð « correctly. Lets look at the most difficult Russian sounds and learn how to pronounce them. Ð « - try to say oooooh and smile at the same time. This sound does not exist in English but is close to the i in linenÐâ€" - like sure in pleasureÐ ¨ - like the first sh in ShropshireÐ © - like the second, softer sh in Shropshire - this sound is palatized by placing the middle of the tongue to the roof of the mouthÐ ¦ - like ts in tsetseÐ   - like r in Ratatata - this sound is rolledЙ - like y in May Simple Exercises to Practice Russian Pronunciation Watch and repeat Russian TV shows, films and cartoons.Listen to Russian songs and try singing along—this is particularly good for understanding the way that Russian spoken language differs from the written Russian.Watch YouTube channels dedicated to Russian pronunciation.Imitate the way Russian native speakers move their lips and position their tongues. You will notice that it is very different from the habits of English speakers. Learning the correct mouth position is the biggest factor in improving your pronunciation.Press the middle and the tip of your tongue into the roof of your mouth when pronouncing palatalized consonants.Press the middle of your tongue into the roof of your mouth (creating the sound y) when pronouncing soft vowels.Press the tip of your tongue to the roof of your mouth when pronouncing the vibrating Russian Ð  . You can begin by saying D-d-d-d-d-d, eventually using the tip of your finger to vibrate the tongue side to side, creating the sound Ð  . Here is a great video demonstrating how to do that.Remember that syllables that consist of a consonant and a soft indicating vowel, such as Ð ½Ã'  or Ð »Ã'Ž, are pronounced as one syllable by placing the middle and tip of the tongue to the roof of the mouth. Avoid making these into two syllables by incorrectly pronouncing them as, for example, ny-ya. This is one of the most common mistakes when speaking Russian. You will see a great improvement in your Russian pronunciation once you learn to pronounce these difficult sounds.

What Does It Take An Unjust Law - 2068 Words

What does it take to change an unjust law? There are plenty of times where a law that has been imposed on society is less than just, or set up by those with a specific agenda to hinder a certain group of people. When confronted with an unjust law, there is only one real means of protest that is effective: To do whatever it takes in other words â€Å"any mean necessary.† Therefore, I believe that Malcolm’s X’s theory is the most appropriate and effective mean because it requires a greater and more focused response than other means. It allows a group of individuals to become noticed, and their demands will no longer be ignored. This makes the people deal with the issue immediately then ignore it. Martin Luther King Jr as well as Socrates, both†¦show more content†¦In addition, through this essay, I will explain why this way is the only way. Socrates is a master of persuasion and he firmly believes that it’s the most effective means of protest. In Pl ato’s Crito, Socrates is awaiting his sentence, which is death for corruption of the youth and believing in false gods. At this time Crito is trying to convince Socrates to escape jail, Socrates refuses and explains why. To Socrates, persuasion is the most effective means because it doesn’t harm the states system of law and order. In addition, Persuasion allows people to deal with issues with out using any violent force. In Court, persuasion allows the people to defend themselves. Lastly, persuasion allows us the people to find truth through reason instead of physical force. Socrates believes that direct action would cause more harm then any good and that it’s completely ineffective. If the people of the state were to use a direct action approach it would affect the state. If the state is harmed it would lead to collapse in society. Secondly, the state is responsible for the people in; therefore there would be no reason to for the people to act out against the state. Socrates is mainly concerned with the well being of the state. If the state falls law and order will no longer exist this is why he is advocating a more peaceful way of dealing with unjust laws and corruption. From

Islam The Straight Path Essay Example For Students

Islam The Straight Path Essay Islam The Straight PathAn evaluation of the book by John L. Esposito: Islam The Straight Path. In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy, and mysticism), chronicling the struggle of Muslims to define and adhere to their Islamic way of life. Equally important is the essential information Esposito provides on the contemporary world of Islam, from Muslim responses to the challenges of colonialism and modernization to the reassertion of Islam in politics and society. This introductory book in the teaching of Islam and Islamic way of life by Esposito can be categorized in three different sections with various sub-tittles. First section concentrates on structural elements of Islam that includes Messengerand the Message; that are Muhammad and the Holy Koran. Second section is about The emergence of Islamic identity, as the Muslim Community, which includes the belief and the practice of the religion. And finally the modern Interpretations of Islam. Esposito introduces three concepts; in the first three chapters he explains what Islam is. I believe that he did an excellent job in presenting pre-Islamic time for Arabia and its surrounding region. But I also believe that concentrating on Muhammads (PBUH) biography has little relevant to Islam. Because Islam is based mainly on the completion message of God to the World. I believe if a non-Muslim reader try were to understand Islam through this book he or she would compare it to the concept of Jesus, or David the Texan cult leader, and many others. I found that Esposito guides its readers to a clear understanding of Muslims and non-Muslim prospective. Nevertheless, he is a director of center for Muslim-Christian understanding. Esposito has emphasized on the holy Quran, Gods message and the messenger. I also believe that he has introduced a clear guideline for Muslims and their practice. Laying out their laws, beliefs, attitudes, value s, and other religious responsibilities. I also found that Esposito writes with good academic intentions and writing on Islam from a western perspective. Esposito describes the realities of the Muslim world in their struggle to define their social, political, and economical identity. Although, he points that many of these ambitions are kept short due to lack of strong and faithful authorities in the Muslim world. As Esposito, introduces the faith, belief, and the practice of Islam from pre-historic times one can clearly see the religious events and the struggle of a religion through time. As on page 31, Esposito says, Muslims throughout the centuries, the message of the Koran and the examples of the Prophet are the essential building blocs of Muslim life. He also emphasizes on the importance of Islam history and civilization, because he believes that they are the record of that struggle to interpret and to follow the Straight Path. (Esposito 31:1998)Esposito also, introduces the idea of Modernism, that Islamic times have not just only brought religion alone but also economic and military hardships to the west, as he puts it, challenge to western technology. The impact of western imperialism has also impacted the Islamic world. As the book evolves, he talks about Modern nations; secular, Muslim and Islamic. Giving examples, such as Turkey being in the secular sector, Iran as the Islamic, and f inally the Muslim sector of modern nations including Jordan and Egypt. Coming to an end at the Muslims of Western Europe, the presence of Muslims in Europe is not a new force, but a generation of siege and conquer. Over the years Ottomans and other missionaries have put forward their idea of Islam in many parts of Europe, including Bosnia and Romania. The Importance of Understanding Muslims and Islam:Muslims and Islam are two related terms, at the same time different in its application. Let us first talk about the importance of understanding the term Muslims. Muslims are people who belong to the religion Islam. Muslims could act in various ways, presenting their actions differently, a Muslim from India or South Africa. Another good example of a Muslim view would be, the performance of their political and sect actions. For example, Saidi Qutb of Egypt believed the west is corrupt in their actions and he has different view of the West. The other example would be Saudi Arabias acceptan ce of United States Forces to land in the holy place of Islam and welcoming the west. Our second question deals with the understanding of Islam. The message that this faith brings to the world is important to understand that Islam claims the holy message of God, a force that has brought a completion to the writings of the three holy books of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Islam is a religion that has brought peace, enlightenment, and unity to the faithful. I feel that this book could guide Muslims and non-Muslims in forming clear views on specific Islamic religious issues. In conclusion, throughout the book Islam the Straight Path, many understandings come about by looking at the many struggles of any particular community. For the purpose of this book review, I went through the book to grasp an understanding of the title The Straight Path. For many centuries Muslims around the world have experienced the transformation of their society. The important forces that build Islam and Mu slims together are the religious life, faith, beliefs and practices. Today Muslims around the world face many challenges of leaders that build the community whether it is a secular or an Islamic nation. As examples given earlier about modernization which includes nations such as Turkey and on the other side of the spectrum the practice of Islamic Shariah. As a final note, my main objective from this book review is to see Islam from the eye of Muslims and Non-Muslims alike. Religion Essays